Bodies off Earth: radiation, microgravity, torpor, and the choice between terraforming the world and re-engineering the traveller.
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Engineering that regenerates a crew's air, water, and food from their own waste, reducing the resupply mass that otherwise makes long-duration spaceflight impossible.
The biological requirements of a crewed voyage lasting generations: population genetics, reproduction and development off Earth, and consent for people born in transit.
The proposal to induce a hibernation-like state of suppressed metabolism in people, and the distance between rodent torpor circuits and any clinical human application.
The set of physiological and neural changes by which the human body reorganises itself for weightlessness, and the countermeasures that limit the cost of returning.
The proposal to engineer humans to suit other worlds rather than engineering those worlds to suit humans, and the ethical problems of designing offspring for an environment.
The problem of keeping humans healthy under deep-space radiation, and the shielding, pharmacological, and genetic strategies proposed to raise their tolerance.
The medical discipline concerned with how spaceflight alters human physiology and with keeping crews functional in an environment the body did not evolve for.
The attempt to transfer stress-tolerance proteins from tardigrades into human cells, and the gap between what those experiments showed and how they were reported.