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categories: ["genetics", "society", "reproduction"]categories: ["genetics", "society", "reproduction"]tags: ["crispr", "embryos", "heritable editing", "bioethics", "governance", "reproduction"]tags: ["crispr", "embryos", "heritable editing", "bioethics", "governance", "reproduction"]summary: "Modification of human embryos, eggs, or sperm so that the genetic change is inherited by the resulting child and by all of their descendants."summary: "Modification of human embryos, eggs, or sperm so that the genetic change is inherited by the resulting child and by all of their descendants."updated: "2026-07-27"updated: "2026-08-23"humanEvidence: "One unsanctioned clinic case produced children from CCR5-edited embryos in 2018 and 2019; all other human work is in research embryos cultured for days, where editing is frequently mosaic and can delete or lose the target chromosome."humanEvidence: "One unsanctioned clinic case produced children from CCR5-edited embryos in 2018 and 2019; all other human work is in research embryos cultured for days, where editing is frequently mosaic and can delete or lose the target chromosome."access: "Obtainable through no lawful route: transfer of an edited embryo to a womb is forbidden wherever the question is regulated, and research use is confined to licensed embryo work."access: "Obtainable through no lawful route: transfer of an edited embryo to a womb is forbidden wherever the question is regulated, and research use is confined to licensed embryo work."reversibility: "irreversible"reversibility: "irreversible"lines 46–51 → 46–5531 unchanged lines not shown
## How it would be done## How it would be done The procedure would sit inside a standard IVF cycle. Eggs are retrieved and fertilised; the editing reagents — most plausibly a [[crispr-cas9]] ribonucleoprotein, a [[base-editing]] complex, or a [[prime-editing]] system, the last two avoiding the double-strand break that a nuclease necessarily makes — are introduced into the zygote by microinjection or electroporation, ideally at or before fertilisation so that editing precedes the first cell division. The embryo is cultured for several days, a few trophectoderm cells are biopsied and sequenced, and an embryo judged correctly edited is transferred.The procedure would sit inside a standard IVF cycle. Eggs are retrieved and fertilised; the editing reagents — most plausibly a [[crispr-cas9]] ribonucleoprotein, a [[base-editing]] complex, or a [[prime-editing]] system, the last two avoiding the double-strand break that a nuclease necessarily makes — are introduced into the zygote by microinjection or electroporation, ideally at or before fertilisation so that editing precedes the first cell division. The embryo is cultured for several days, a few trophectoderm cells are biopsied and sequenced, and an embryo judged correctly edited is transferred. ```figure{"key": "icsi-microinjection", "caption": "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the micromanipulation germline editing would piggyback on: editing reagents are delivered by the same kind of needle at or shortly after fertilisation, one egg at a time."}``` Every step of that description contains an unsolved problem, and the biopsy step contains the deepest one.Every step of that description contains an unsolved problem, and the biopsy step contains the deepest one. removed, struck through added, underlinedLine numbers count the serialised markdown of each revision, frontmatter included.
150 lines are the same in both revisions, and 138 of them are not shown. Neither revision here is necessarily the current article — read Human germline editing for the text this wiki stands behind today.