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categories: ["longevity", "society"]categories: ["longevity", "society"]tags: ["supplements", "regulation", "vitamins", "clinical trials", "consumer health", "antioxidants"]tags: ["supplements", "regulation", "vitamins", "clinical trials", "consumer health", "antioxidants"]summary: "Vitamins, minerals, botanicals, and other compounds sold without pre-market approval, whose large randomized trials have repeatedly failed to show benefit in well-nourished adults."summary: "Vitamins, minerals, botanicals, and other compounds sold without pre-market approval, whose large randomized trials have repeatedly failed to show benefit in well-nourished adults."updated: "2026-07-27"updated: "2026-10-27"humanEvidence: "Correcting a documented deficiency is established medicine, but large randomized trials in well-nourished adults have been null for cancer and cardiovascular endpoints, and beta-carotene and vitamin E raised cancer incidence in some groups."humanEvidence: "Correcting a documented deficiency is established medicine, but large randomized trials in well-nourished adults have been null for cancer and cardiovascular endpoints, and beta-carotene and vitamin E raised cancer incidence in some groups."access: "Sold without prescription in supermarkets, pharmacies, and online almost everywhere; in the United States no product needs approval before sale, and monthly cost ranges from a few dollars to several hundred."access: "Sold without prescription in supermarkets, pharmacies, and online almost everywhere; in the United States no product needs approval before sale, and monthly cost ranges from a few dollars to several hundred."reversibility: "reversible"reversibility: "reversible"lines 156–162 → 156–162141 unchanged lines not shown
and a mimetic of [[caloric-restriction]], which produced no cognitive benefit in a randomized trialand a mimetic of [[caloric-restriction]], which produced no cognitive benefit in a randomized trialin older adults with subjective memory complaints; urolithin A, sold on mitophagy andin older adults with subjective memory complaints; urolithin A, sold on mitophagy and[[mitochondrial-dysfunction|mitochondrial decline]], with small randomized trials in adults[[mitochondrial-dysfunction|mitochondrial decline]], with small randomized trials in adultsreporting changes in muscle endurance measures; and taurine, after a 2023 report in *Science* thatreporting changes in muscle endurance measures; [[magnesium-l-threonate|magnesium L-threonate]], sold for memory and sleep on the strength of rat studies and a few small human trials funded by the ingredient's licensees; and taurine, after a 2023 report in *Science* thatsupplementation extended median lifespan in mice, with human evidence limited to observationalsupplementation extended median lifespan in mice, with human evidence limited to observationalassociations.associations. removed, struck through added, underlinedLine numbers count the serialised markdown of each revision, frontmatter included.
245 lines are the same in both revisions, and 233 of them are not shown. Neither revision here is necessarily the current article — read Dietary supplements for the text this wiki stands behind today.