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categories: ["longevity", "foundations"]categories: ["longevity", "foundations"]tags: ["cancer", "aging", "oncology", "somatic mutation", "mortality", "mechanisms", "risk"]tags: ["cancer", "aging", "oncology", "somatic mutation", "mortality", "mechanisms", "risk"]summary: "The class of diseases in which a somatic cell lineage escapes the controls on its own division, and the age-related cause of death that constrains most life-extension arguments."summary: "The class of diseases in which a somatic cell lineage escapes the controls on its own division, and the age-related cause of death that constrains most life-extension arguments."updated: "2026-07-28"updated: "2026-08-22"humanEvidence: "Incidence rises steeply with age in every human population measured and US mortality rates have fallen by about a third since 1991; the claim that slowing aging would lower cancer risk has not been tested in people."humanEvidence: "Incidence rises steeply with age in every human population measured and US mortality rates have fallen by about a third since 1991; the claim that slowing aging would lower cancer risk has not been tested in people."issues: ["No account of how carcinogenicity is tested in geroscience trials, which the longevity section assumes."]issues: ["No account of how carcinogenicity is tested in geroscience trials, which the longevity section assumes."]------lines 79–85 → 79–8565 unchanged lines not shown
The US cancer death rate has fallen by about a third from its 1991 peak, an estimated 4.8 million deaths averted.[^siegel2026] Most of that is not new biology. It is the collapse in smoking, and after it screening and better conventional treatment.The US cancer death rate has fallen by about a third from its 1991 peak, an estimated 4.8 million deaths averted.[^siegel2026] Most of that is not new biology. It is the collapse in smoking, and after it screening and better conventional treatment. Immunotherapy is the genuine mechanistic addition. Checkpoint blockade moved from a survival signal in metastatic melanoma to standard care across several tumour types within a decade, and engineered T cells produced remission rates in relapsed paediatric leukaemia that chemotherapy had not.[^immuno] Both are also the source of the safety signals above, and neither works for most patients with most cancers.Immunotherapy is the genuine mechanistic addition. Checkpoint blockade moved from a survival signal in metastatic melanoma to standard care across several tumour types within a decade, and engineered T cells produced remission rates in relapsed paediatric leukaemia that chemotherapy had not.[^immuno] Both are also the source of the safety signals above, and neither works for most patients with most cancers. That line now extends to [[personalized-mrna-cancer-vaccines]]: in 2026 the sponsors of the leading candidate reported the first positive phase 3 result for an individualized cancer vaccine, in resected melanoma, on topline data that remain unpublished. Screening is where the field's own evidence is least comfortable. South Korea's thyroid cancer incidence rose sharply after ultrasound screening spread, with no matching change in thyroid cancer mortality, the clearest documented case of overdiagnosis in oncology. Multi-cancer early detection tests, which look for tumour-derived DNA in blood, are the current version of the same hope and the same question; the first large prospective study reported test performance and diagnostic workload rather than any effect on deaths.[^screening] Detection is not the same as benefit, a distinction that recurs throughout [[consumer-blood-testing]] and [[aging-biomarkers|biomarker]] work.Screening is where the field's own evidence is least comfortable. South Korea's thyroid cancer incidence rose sharply after ultrasound screening spread, with no matching change in thyroid cancer mortality, the clearest documented case of overdiagnosis in oncology. Multi-cancer early detection tests, which look for tumour-derived DNA in blood, are the current version of the same hope and the same question; the first large prospective study reported test performance and diagnostic workload rather than any effect on deaths.[^screening] Detection is not the same as benefit, a distinction that recurs throughout [[consumer-blood-testing]] and [[aging-biomarkers|biomarker]] work. lines 100–105 → 100–10614 unchanged lines not shown
- [[immunosenescence]]- [[immunosenescence]]- [[senolytics]]- [[senolytics]]- [[somatic-gene-therapy]]- [[somatic-gene-therapy]]- [[personalized-mrna-cancer-vaccines]]- [[compression-of-morbidity]]- [[compression-of-morbidity]] ## References## Referencesremoved, struck through added, underlinedLine numbers count the serialised markdown of each revision, frontmatter included.
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