Portals / Cybernetics
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Clinical practice
Retinal and Cochlear Implants
Sensory implants are the most mature human-machine interfaces: cochlear implants restore useful hearing at scale, while retinal prostheses show how hard vision remains.
Clinical practice
Wearable and Implantable Sensors
Continuous sensing turns the body into a data stream. The value depends on whether measurements are accurate, actionable, and paired with a decision — not on the data alone.
Early human
Brain-Computer Interfaces
BCIs connect neural activity to computers, prosthetics, and communication systems, with medical restoration leading enhancement.
Early human
Cybernetic Prosthetics
Next-generation prosthetics combine robotics, neural control, sensory feedback, and adaptive software.